Vdiff trad climbing. - Simul climb without it being totally epic.

Vdiff trad climbing. Full Online Course. 'Sport Climbing Anchors - Belaying from the Top' is part of the book - Sport Climbing Basics. These methods are tested with modern climbing gear to make sure they're accurate and up-to-date. You'll need to attach yourself to the anchor in a way that you can see your partner as they follow the pitch and brace yourself if they fall. txt) or read online for free. He currently lives in Squamish, Canada. Easy climbing in the Lake District. A simple tandem abseil setup These articles explain in detail everything about big wall climbing, including leading, jumaring, pendulums, hauling and much more. Payable by donation. Further information Advanced Trad Anchors > Part 3 of 5 > The Quad Anchor Check out the full self-rescue video course, or download the e-book. Climbing slings are simply strongly-sewn loops of nylon or dyneema tape. For most sport climbs, you will belay from the bottom – just like you would at the indoor gym. This is fairly straightforward if you Trad gear is normally placed in cracks, behind flakes and around blocks. Jan 17, 2025 - Hauling Your Climbing Partner. Most of the force is transferred in the direction it is being pulled (in most cases, down and slightly outwards from the rock). The slip knot is useful for tying off pitons, tree stumps or other poor gear in order to reduce leverage. This 'Trad Anchor' article is part of the book - Trad Climbing Basics. You will either lower or abseil to get down from most sport routes. This video is part of a full online course: Self-Rescue and Problem Solving. Leading a sport climb is similar to leading at the indoor wall, but with the following factors to consider. This article explains how to use slings for protection, how to rack them and more. Paperback Trad Climbing Gear > Big Bros This 'big bros' article is part of the book - Trad Climbing Basics. To learn more about hauling on big walls, see our article here. Consider the following factors: kN ratings (Kilo Newtons) are printed on all your climbing gear: nuts, cams, slings and carabiners. In Trad Climbing Basics, we described methods of building an equalized anchor without the use of slings or a cordelette – great if you’ve used them all during the pitch. Learn how climb cracks from fingertips to chimneys. It’s no surprise that many classic routes follow crack systems. This article explains how to simul climb safely. Practising in a climbing gym builds strength, endurance, flexibility and technique, but to climb well on real rock, you There are basically three ways to descend; walk off, lower or abseil (rappel). Big Bros are expandable tubes which protect wide cracks. Check it out:more Aid Climbing Gear – Cam Hooks Check out the full big wall video course, or download the e-book. Trad climbing - Abseiling from bad anchors and descending loose rock. In addition to the gear you use in an indoor wall or at a sport crag, you'll need some more specialist kit to climb a trad route. Your rope is the main part of the climbing system. Many variations are possible. They're available in a range of lengths – your typical trad rack will have 60cm, 120cm and maybe a 240cm length sling on it, but bigger and smaller ones are also available. Learn how to: - Escape the belay in a variety of ways. Equalization Considerations In Trad Climbing Basics, we introduced various methods of creating belay master points by tying an overhand knot in a sling or cordelette. Learn how to place trad gear, build trad anchors, climb a multi pitch, belay in guide mode and much more. Having a good knowledge of self-rescue skills is essential for any climber. It covers various topics including accident prevention, advanced anchor building, and self-rescue techniques, while encouraging climbers to practice skills in real-life situations. The belayer can then re-sort the lead rope so the full length is available. A top-roped climber can rest on the rope whenever they are too tired to continue, safe in the knowledge that they will only fall a few inches. It can be dangerous if you don't know what you're doing, or very safe once you become How to abseil past a knot. Make skillful use of quickdraws and long slings to allow the rope to avoid these hazards and run in a straight line. Or maybe you need to bail down an overhanging wall. Trad climbing is adventurous. Available in four common sizes, cam hooks greatly reduce the need to hammer a piton. - Set up counterbalance and tandem rappels. The Slip Knot 'How To Tie a Slip Knot' is part of the book - Trad Climbing Basics. Trad Climbing: Self-Rescue and Problem Solving. Multi-pitch climbing combines many skills: placing gear on lead, building belays, route-finding, rope management and (often) abseiling down after you reach the top. Multi-pitch descents are not always straightforward. They are cheap, light and durable. Trad Climbing Basics - VDiff Climbing - Free download as PDF File (. When climbing indoors, or at a ‘sport’ crag, the leader clips their rope, via quickdraws, into pre-existing bolts. This article explains how to place copperheads. Everything you need to know to start rock climbing. How you grip handholds or stand on footholds depends on their shape, size and position. They protect your head from things falling on you (rocks, equipment, etc. Free Sample. The document is an e-book titled 'Trad Climbing Basics' by Neil Chelton, focusing on placing traditional climbing gear and building safe anchors. It emphasizes the importance of practical instruction from qualified professionals and outlines essential climbing skills needed before engaging in trad climbing. It is strenuous and awkward at first, and it may take a while to figure out the exact lengths of cord you need. Cracks are often very striking lines. 7,866 likes. Ball nuts are a seldom used type of climbing gear which offer protection in thin cracks, filling the void where even the smallest cams are too big to fit. Trad Climbing Basics Placing Trad Gear and Building Safe Anchors Warning: Climbing is Dangerous While this book explains everything you need to know to get started trad climbing, it cannot assess the quality of your equipment or check your anchor before you abseil. Multi-Pitch Sport Climbing. It's for this reason that they Dec 14, 2017 · Use a bigger cam. This e-book will teach you how to: - Place cams, nuts and other trad climbing gear - Build trad anchors - Use different belay methods (including guide mode) - Equalize and extend gear effectively - Understand forces on climbing gear - Trad Climbing Gear > Slings This 'Climbing Slings' article is part of the book - Trad Climbing Basics. Hexes are an old type of climbing protection that are seldom seen on climber's racks since the introduction of cams. You may need to set up a hauling system when. This article explains everything about using climbing nuts: placing, racking and removing them. They can take a significant load without slipping and are super easy to adjust. VDiff > Trad Climbing Basics > Knots 183 Final Words Learning the techniques of placing gear and building anchors isn't enough to make you a proficient trad climber. This adds a technical and mental aspect to the route. Sport Climbing Anchors. How you position your body depends on the location of these holds and the angle of the rock. With a good understanding of trad climbing skills, you can branch out from the indoor walls and sport crags to reach unique places that would Using half ropes has many advantages in certain climbing situations. Learn how to place, remove and rack climbing hexes. Climbing Technique: Footwork. It covers essential topics such as equipment, gear placement, climbing techniques, and climbing etiquette, while warning readers of the inherent dangers in climbing. Learn how to make and use extendable quickdraws for trad climbing. With the security of an anchored rope above, top-roping is the safest way to climb. Cams are versatile pieces of protection designed for parallel-sided cracks where nuts won't work. Rock climbing online courses. Safe rock climbing skills explained: Sport, trad, big wall and aid climbing. Advanced trad anchors. Creates a master point in the rope so The Clovehitch 'Essential Knots: The Clovehitch' is part of the book - Trad Climbing Basics. Hauling Your Climbing Partner. However, if the same attitude is applied to trad climbing, you'll soon get injured. Discover the best Diff and VDiff climbs in the Lake District, offering breathtaking views and an unforgettable experience. Mistakes are easy to make and accidents can be fatal. The belayer hauls and belays while the leader climbs. Learn more here. Unexpected situations often arise, especially on multi-pitches (such as not having enough rope to reach a solid belay, or retreating from a climb with damaged ropes and poor anchors). Some climbs have short crack sections which offer the security of a solid jam and the sanctuary of good gear. This site includes a beginners' guide, outdoor trad climbing basics, advanced trad skills and big wall aid climbing. Knowledge of aid techniques can provide a way to Learn to sport climb. This section is written for experienced trad climbers who are proficient at: - Placing trad gear and building anchors - Route-finding on complex terrain - Leading long multi-pitch routes - Self rescue - Analysing and managing risk Tag: crack climbing Crack Climbing Technique 'Crack Climbing Technique' is part of the book - Trad Climbing Basics. They are most commonly used for abseiling but are also incredibly useful in a variety of emergency situations such as ascending a rope or escaping the system. Kindle Version. Trad Climbing Self Rescue. VDiff teaches safe climbing skills. The book warns against Trad Anchors > How To Set up a Top Rope This 'Top Roping' article is part of the book - Trad Climbing Basics. Many climbs have bolted anchors at the top. This e-book will teach you how to: Plus much more. Upward FlaresThe placement in this slightly upward-flared crack is very good. Learn to trad climb. This article explains all. The water (tape) knot is useful for joining flat or tubular webbing of equal width. Trad Anchors – Part 3 of 4 > Attaching to the Anchor Trad Anchors – Part 4 of 4 > Belaying the Second Trad Anchors > How To Set up a Top Rope Trad Climbing > Accident Prevention Climbing Helmets Multi-Pitch Trad Climbing Prusik Knots: Different Types Explained A climbing helmet is the first thing you should buy when you start trad climbing. Generally, Grade V’s require one or two nights on the wall and Grade VI’s require two to seven nights. Detailed illustrations are then added to This section introduces the most common foot, hand and body positions used in rock climbing. This 'hexes' article is part of the book - Trad Climbing Basics. A pendulum involves swinging across the wall to reach a certain point. Medusa (VS 4b), VS 4b A little polished these days but the central line of the buttress is still a popular tick with fine climbing and one slippery crack. VDiff – Trad Climbing Basics > Using Trad Gear Cams Part 3: Flared CracksA flared crack is one which becomesnarrower or wider at one side. Finger locks, hand jams, fist jams, off-width and chimney techniques explained The sliding-x is a self-equalizing anchor which distributes the load equally between the anchor pieces. How to tie-off a belay device. Learn to escape the belay, tandem abseil and more. This article explains how to use guide mode for climbing + how to lower a climber in guide mode. It can be better than other methods of equalizing in certain situations. Note On terrain where the haulbag is likely to get stuck, it is recommended that the leader hauls the bag before short-fixing the next The Z-Abseil: Increase friction when abseiling. Learn how to clean a sport anchor or a bolted climbing belay. This article is about using improvised aid techniques while trad climbing. Learn how to place copperheads and hooks Rock climbing online courses. You shouldn’t be pulled sideways if the climber Learn how to place hexes; how to use them passively (like a nut) or actively so they cam into cracks. The next abseil station may be far to the side of the previous one (they often are when descending loose ground). He has climbed over 50 big walls around the world including solo and first ascents. Trad Climbing Gear > Tricams This 'Tricams' article is part of the book - Trad Climbing Basics. This technique is useful for self rescue or Trad Climbing Basics £ By Donation Second Edition. - Haul your partner. Combine that with the concentration of quality routes, the beautiful scenery and the friendly atmosphere in the camp site and pub in the evening, and you will begin to understand why so Dec 14, 2017 · vdiffclimbing published Trad Climbing Basics - VDiff Climbing on 2017-12-14. When belaying, you can tie-off your belay device. Neil has been a climbing dirtbag for 20+ years and has spent most of his adult life living in a van, tent or portaledge. * This article is about using improvised basic hauling techniques while trad climbing. As with trad climbing, you should route your rope away from sharp edges, flakes and loose rock. This article explains what kN's mean for climbers. Cordelettes are typically equalized with an overhand knot, but in more complicated belays, a self-equalizing climbing anchor is. Every climb receives a grade which determines the length of time and commitment required to climb it, with big wall routes covering grades V to VII. ⇦ The Belay Escape Retreating Mid-Pitch ⇨ Posted in Trad Climbing, Advanced Trad Skills Tagged problem, self rescue, hauling 1 Comment on Self Rescue > Hauling Your Partner VDiff teaches safe climbing skills. Tandem abseiling means two people descending with the same device. The important thing to remember is that these features are weaknesses in the rock. The garda hitch (alpine clutch) uses two parallel carabiners to create a system where a loaded rope can move in one direction but not the other. Sometimes, a climb may prove to be too difficult, forcing you to bail. Cracks canbe flared in any direction. It takes time, effort and commitment. pdf), Text File (. Extendable quickdraws (alpine draws) make it quick and easy to extend climbing gear. Learn how to lead and follow aid pitches, how to place cam hooks, skyhooks, pitons, copperheads and other aid gear, how to set up a big wall belay, how to use hauling systems, how to rappel with a heavy haulbag, how to camp on a vertical wall, and much more. Belays are bolted on most popular routes which makes this process much quicker. There's also a wealth of rock types, which adds variety to the character of Abseiling (or rappelling) is a technique used to descend climbing ropes. Trad Climbing Gear > Ball Nuts This 'ball nuts' article is part of the book - Trad Climbing Basics. The guide includes sections on equipment, climbing techniques, and safety precautions Self-rescue for trad climbers. Correct cam placements are in the middle of The Trad Climber’s Guide To Problem Solving is an instructional e-book aimed at climbers with basic trad climbing skills, emphasizing the importance of practical instruction and safety. You should belay from the top of the route when the anchor is in a poor position to lower from or abseil, or to walk off. - Rappel with damaged ropes. This article explains how to attach yourself to the anchor, and abseil with an ATC. The ‘equalizing figure-8’ is a rarely used climbing knot which could be useful in some trad belay setups. The clovehitch is a useful knot for attaching the middle of the rope to an anchor, among many other things. This article explains how to big wall aid climb, including how to place gear, pass gear, pendulum, tension traverse, back-clean and lead overhangs. Trad Anchors – Part 4 of 4 > Belaying the Second This 'Belaying the Second' article is part of the book - Trad Climbing Basics. This gives an overall picture of the route including how well protected it is, how sustained and an indication of the level of difficulty of the whole route. ) and also from your head hitting the rock if you fall. This 'Equalize Trad Anchors' article is part of the book - Trad Climbing Basics. Step by step instructions. There are many different ways to make tape gloves. Learn how to lead bolted routes, set up sport anchors and much more. Equalizing anchors is important because. Rock Climbing E-Books: Trad Climbing, Sport Climbing and Rock Climbing Basics. Four types of prusik knot Learn how to lead climb! This series of articles teaches you everything you need to know to lead climb safely at an indoor climbing wall. However, they do have advantages over cams in certain situations. Learn about different types of climbing ropes and how to use them for rock climbing. However, they have drawbacks in more complicated belay setups. A climbing helmet is the first thing you should buy when you start trad climbing. This article about preventing climbing accidents is part of the book - The Trad Climber's Guide To Problem Solving. Make sure you are positioned in a straight line between the anchor and the climber. Trad Anchors. Simul climbing is a technique where all climbers move at the same time while tied into the same rope. Dangling in space with your belay device jammed into the knot and a prusik out of reach above is Trad Anchors – Part 4 of 4 > Belaying the Second Trad Anchors > How To Set up a Top Rope Trad Climbing > Accident Prevention Climbing Helmets Multi-Pitch Trad Climbing Prusik Knots: Different Types Explained How To Abseil Extendable Quickdraws Extending Climbing Gear Crack Climbing Technique Crack Climbing > How To Make Tape Gloves Should you buy nylon or dyneema climbing slings? Dyneema slings are lighter, nylon climbing slings are more durable. The 'Quad Anchor' is an anchor system which self-adjusts to keep an equal force on each anchor point. This relatively compact area offers loads of multi pitch crags with some very good climbs in the lower grades, plus some locations which offer less committing adventures. Climbing helmets are generally not worn in the gym or on steep sport routes. In Trad Climbing Basics, we introduced various methods of creating belay master points by tying an overhand knot in a sling or cordelette. If you're building a big wall belay from trad gear, you’ll need two or three points which are EACH as strong as a bolt. This is often the first step in an emergency situation or . Read the flipbook version of Trad Climbing Basics - VDiff Climbing. Set your own price!This e-book will teach you how to: Use a variety of self-rescue techniques Build self-equalizing anchors with minimal gear Abseil without a belay device Abseil with damaged ropes Descend from bad anchors Negotiate loose rock Use basic aid techniques Simul-climb safely Prevent accidents from occurring in the first place Plus much more. Feb 1, 2019 · VDiff creates quality information for climbers. Remember that tying any knot in ccccccccccccc VDiff > Trad Climbing Basics > Protecting a sling, including a strop bend or an overhand knot, reduces the strength of the sling by up to 50%. Approved methods are then researched from guides and instructors around the world and compared with trusted sources, such as The BMC and The UIAA. These methods are safe, simple and perfect for most situations that a beginner trad climber would find themselves in. Learn how to place climbing cams. This article explains when and how you should extend climbing gear. Feb 4, 2019 · This e-book will teach you how - Place cams, nuts and other trad climbing gear - Build trad anchors - Use different belay methods (including guide mode) - Equalize and extend gear effectively - Understand forces on climbing gear - Abseil safely (including using a prusik knot) - Climb with half ropes - Test rock quality - Prepare for your first trad lead Plus much more. December 2017 Contents VDiff – Trad Climbing Basics Introduction 5 Trad Gear 16 Trad Anchors 57 Ropework 85 Next Steps 110 4 Can I Trad Climb? Yes! Learning to trad climb is similar to learning to drive a car. VDiff Climbing 5. Trad Climbing Self-Rescue and Problem solving. Big wall and aid climbing. Learn how to use climbing gear, how to belay and everything about how to rock climb indoors. Safe sport climbing techniques explained. However, you must equalize it in a way which meets the following criteria: Mid-Pitch Retreat. The following technique adds maximum friction to your abseil device, great for descending thin ropes. Crack Climbing Technique 'Crack Climbing Technique' is part of the book - Trad Climbing Basics. Situated near Miller's Dale in an area better known for its intense fingery sport climbing, lies this surprising west-facing delight of mid-grade multi-pitch trad limestone. They fit into small cracks from the size of a thin lost arrow to a #1 Camalot, and work by simply camming against the sides of a crack under bodyweight. Learn how to do it here. This article explains how to tie the water knot. Advantages Lead climbing: How To Lead Climb. Climbing slings are strongly-sewn loops of nylon or dyneema tape. Extending climbing gear helps your rope run smoothly. Guide Mode is an auto-locking belay technique for climbing. Prerequisite Skills Simul climbing introduces a level of risk that is completely inappropriate for beginner climbers. Tension traverses involve climbing across while assisted by a tight rope Dec 15, 2017 · This e-book will teach you how to: - Place cams, nuts and other trad climbing gear - Build trad anchors - Use different belay methods (including guide mode) - Equalize and extend gear effectively - Understand forces on climbing gear - Abseil safely (including using a prusik knot) - Climb with half ropes - Test rock quality - Prepare for your first trad lead Plus much more. Bouldering Bouldering is the game of climbing small rocks. Climbing on Loose Rock and Runout Routes This article, Climbing on Loose Rock and Runout Routes, is part of the book - The Trad Climber's Guide To Problem Solving. Basic Aid Climbing. However, you should belay from the top of the route when the anchor is in a poor position to lower from or abseil, or if you intend to walk off the top. The technical grade – (4a, 4b, 4c Apr 27, 2023 · VDiff Climbing. A prusik (also known as a friction hitch) is a short piece of cord which can be wrapped around your climbing rope to add friction. If you've done much aid climbing, you've probably seen decaying old copperheads sprouting out of cracks. Two simple methods are shown below, along with the more advanced equalizing figure-8. 'Making Tape Gloves' is part of the book - Trad Climbing Basics. Sport anchors. The method described below provides a durable glove which protects well, but it covers the palm, which may make face climbing a little more awkward. Sometimes there is no belay where you need one, or the existing anchor is The leader removes their GriGri and backup knot and continues climbing as normal. Setting up a big wall belay is more complicated than a standard trad belay but follows some of the same principles. How to do a tandem rappel when trad climbing. Improvised Aid Climbing Improvised Hauling Fall Factors and kN Ratings: What They Actually Mean Safe Simul Climbing Extending climbing gear helps your rope run smoothly. - Simul climb without it being totally epic. VDiff-Trad-Climbing-Basics-Sample (1) - Free download as PDF File (. The climb isn't over when you reach the top; you still need to make an anchor to attach yourself and belay your partner from. Big Wall and Aid Climbing. Abseiling > Pendulums This article, Pendulum Abseils, is part of the book - The Trad Climber's Guide To Problem Solving. Having this high level of safety allows the leader to focus on the […] Consider alternative solutions (such as lowering your partner, or getting them to prusik up) before you set up a hauling system. 21K subscribers Subscribed Feb 4, 2019 · VDiff creates quality information for climbers. About VDiff All VDiff articles, illustrations, books and videos are made by Neil Chelton. As with all grades, Severes come in many shapes and sizes and the thing Mar 15, 2018 · For a trad climber, there is nothing like the satisfaction you get from abseiling into a crag, and then climbing back out with the waves crashing beneath you. How to climb a big wall! Full online video course. Download page 1-16 on PubHTML5. Tricams work in a similar way to hexes; they can be placed in 'passive' mode like a nut, and also in 'active' mode. This article explains everything about climbing with two ropes. 53 Climbing calls are certain words that climbers use so that everyone knows exactly what is happening, a bit like 'copy' or 'over' on a two-way radio. This article explains the physics of how climbing cams work, and also how to place, remove and rack them. The guide encourages Feb 21, 2024 · If you've been trad climbing on your local crags and you're starting to plan a bigger multi-pitch trip, then North Wales is a great place to start. They can slide up and down easily, but lock around the rope when weighted. Jul 4, 2025 · This year could be the year you lead Severe! Whether you’ve been stuck at VDiff for a while or you’re preparing for Mountain Training’s Rock Climbing Instructor qualification, let's find out how to progress to that grade. They are lighter and more compact than large cams but are harder to place, cannot be shuffled up the crack and do not work as well in flares. Traditional (Trad) Climbing Trad climbing is a type of free climbing where you place your own protection in the rock as you go. How do you use them? Here's how. This section describes methods of hauling your partner up part of a climb. With no bolts to clip, the journey up a trad route is a three-dimensional, mentally exhausting labyrinth of challenges. It is most useful when descending with an injured climber. Trad Climbing > Accident Prevention This article about preventing climbing accidents is part of the book - The Trad Climber's Guide To Problem Solving. This may be because it is longer than your climbing rope, Basic Trad Skills Archives - VDiff This article is part of the book – Trad Climbing Basics. Tape gloves protect your hands when crack climbing. A multi-pitch climb is one that is split into two or more pitches. Prusiking up a Rope - Summary Knowing how to prusik up a rope is an essential skill for any trad climber. A cam has lobes mounted on an axle that press outward against the crack sides when weighted, creating friction to hold the cam in place. But with a little practise, you will soon become a prusiking pro. Plus much more. Paperback Version. The easiest way to equalize a trad anchor is by using a sling or a cordelette. With only three grades to describe the length of every big wall route, the system doesn’t work so well. VDiff - Trad Climbing Basics August 2018 Trad Climbing Basics is a comprehensive guide designed for recreational climbers looking to improve their trad climbing skills, emphasizing safety and efficiency. Advanced Trad Anchors > Part 5 of 5 > Minimal Gear Anchors 'Minimal Gear Anchors' is part of the book - The Trad Climber's Guide To Problem Solving. When trad climbing, the leader must place their own gear in the rock. Download your copy here Nov 18, 2016 · The trickiest—and most important—parts of multi-pitch trad climbing are placing solid gear and building safe anchors fast. Safe Rock Climbing Skills Explained Squamish Big Walls > Aid Climbs on the Squamish Chief (e-book) £1 + Skyhooks are often used for aid climbing, but they can also play a (mainly psychological) role on bold trad routes. Your partner climbs up after and removes the gear, so all you leave on the rock are a few chalk prints. To be safe when trad climbing, the leader must focus on finding gear placements and then select the right piece of gear to fit. This is the standard for sport climbs worldwide, but is also common on many trad climbs. . Learn to climb a big wall: aid climbing, hauling, jumaring and sleeping on a portaledge. It is recommended to start with a Rope soloing is a technique where you belay yourself instead of being belayed by your partner. Every technique described is derived from personal experience. You’ll need untie from the rope and thread it through. The main problem with the overhand knot is that it does not spread the load Crack Climbing Technique. On a bolted route, it is generally safe to fall at any time. - Rescue an injured leader. Dec 14, 2017 · This e-book will teach you how to:- Place cams, nuts and other trad climbing gear- Build trad anchors- Use different belay methods (including guide mode)- Equalize and extend gear effectively- Understand forces on climbing gear- Abseil safely (including using a prusik knot)- Climb with half ropes- Test rock quality- Prepare for your first trad Rock climbing for beginners. Nuts are an essential for every trad climber. Having good footwork takes an enormous strain off your arms, making the climb much easier. British Trad Grade ‘Trad’ stands for ‘traditional’ and the grade is divided into two parts: The adjectival grade (Diff, VDiff, … to E10). Three medium sized cams or nuts (well placed in good rock) equalized together . Trad Gear is Less Reliable than Sport Climbing Bolts It's generally safe to fall at any time on a bolted sport route, whether indoors or at the crag. They are made of a flexible wire which is threaded through a hard 'nut' of metal. Climbing nuts exert very little outwards force on the rock, unlike cams. hplw oeozkl eisvn ahufni dkmq tdrgy lfq uuctmx swhsfn yrad